Robert Shecter

OS X El Capitan License: in Plain English

I decided to upgrade my Mac to El Capitan, but my computer said, on one condition: I must “carefully” read and agree with something. It even provided a tiny cozy display window for viewing it:

OS X El Capitan License dialog

And so I did what anyone else would: I cleared my afternoon schedule and got right down to business; reading, carefully, the entire document. It turns out that I was much too pessimistic! I needed only 33 minutes.

I should note that I’m an attorney with a good understanding of license, trademark, and copyright law. I’m also a software developer with 20 years’ experience. So your own read-through may take more or less time, accordingly.

I thought it’d be a “fun” project to see what the “El Capitan License” actually says. Cool idea, huh? Kind of like spelunking through a cave that everyone says they’ve been through, but maybe no one really has. What will I find wedged in a wall or lurking in the dark around the next turn?

Update: Now in infographic form!
Update: Now as an infographic!
  1. I can’t use the Capitan with illegal copies of anyone’s stuff.
  2. Apple didn’t sell me this software. They still own it, in fact. I’m just borrowing it.
  3. If I install more Apple software, those are on loan as well.
  4. I can use the Capitan in two virtual Machines, and on one computer.
  5. But these VM’s cannot be used for business. The only exception is for software developers (I guess they wouldn’t follow this rule anyways.)
  6. I’ve got to read the separate rules that came with the fonts, and obey them. (I can only borrow those too.)
  7. Those cool voices for the clock? — no remixing!
  8. Slideshows made with Photo; same deal, don’t even think about using them for some commercial purpose.
  9. I can’t sell access to my Mac via any kind of screen sharing.
  10. I gotta run it on Apple hardware (no Hackintoshes).
  11. I can’t help anyone else do that.
  12. I can make one copy as a backup.
  13. I can’t try to figure out the source code to any of this.
  14. I gotta follow all my local laws while I’m using it. (!) (Really? Whereever I live?)
  15. can leave the software on the Mac if I sell it or give it away.
  16. I better not use anyone else’s hacked version.
  17. Apple isn’t responsible for my hurt feelings for anything I see on the web.
  18. If I break any of these rules, this deal is over and I must immediately delete everything.
  19. The Capitan comes as-is.
  20. I can’t send it to Sudan.
  21. I can’t operate a nuclear power plant with it.
  22. I cannot, don’t even think about it, just plain can’t, make money from MPEG/H.264/AVC videos I create. For that, I need to buy another something from somebody.

There you are. I took one for the team.

UPDATE: Thank you to everyone for the great positive response and encouragement to write more.

98 responses to “OS X El Capitan License: in Plain English”

  1. Pascal Bourguignon Avatar
    Pascal Bourguignon

    Thank you very much. I was afraid I’d sold my soul to the devil. It’s not that bad.

    1. Ondra Hanslík Avatar
      Ondra Hanslík

      Thanks God some of their rules are not compatible with the laws in my country. In my country, I can legally try to figure out the source code and diassemble everything I want.

      1. Zingus J. Rinkle Avatar
        Zingus J. Rinkle

        Those are called “vexatory clauses”. In my country we can make Hackintoshes.

  2. Byaruhaf Avatar
    Byaruhaf

    “I can’t send it to Sudan”. speaking as someone using a MAC in sudan this is sad.

    1. ern0 (@ern0plus4) Avatar
      ern0 (@ern0plus4)

      Mac users in Sudan still have a chance to not to destroy their machimes (and the VMs): what do local laws say?

    2. BarryG Avatar
      BarryG

      I thought Sudan was ficticious, like Eurasia…

    3. iTomek Avatar
      iTomek

      China is on the list from 1989 and still full of Apple Retail Stores. ;)

    4. David C. Avatar
      David C.

      I assume that, like other corporations, Apple has a special build of their software that can be exported to embargoed countries and will bundle with equipment sold to those countries. Typically, this means removing any and all encryption software, or at least removing all the secure ciphers.

    5. 白崎つぐみ Avatar
      白崎つぐみ

      Hey. Here is a country with the most iPhone iPad and many other Apple products sell value currently, in that embargoed list.

    6. andreaci86 Avatar
      andreaci86

      why this rule? what does apple have to do with sudan?

      1. ktappe Avatar
        ktappe

        This is very likely a provision put in there by the U.S. government which considers the government of Sudan (and several other countries) to be sponsoring terrorists.

  3. David Yasnoff Avatar
    David Yasnoff

    Slow clap!

    1. Phil Avatar
      Phil

      Try penicillin

      1. looknclick Avatar
        looknclick

        Would it make it faster?

  4. dzire187 Avatar
    dzire187

    You the real MVP.

  5. Stepfel Avatar
    Stepfel

    So all the people that make Youtube videos on a Mac and enable monetization are in violation of this license?

    1. Robb Avatar
      Robb

      That’s the first thing I thought of as well. Seems possible unless they purchased software with a professional mpeg license.

      1. Adriano Farina (@xorgol) Avatar
        Adriano Farina (@xorgol)

        Wouldn’t using something like FFMPEG sidestep the problem?

    2. TH Avatar
      TH

      No, you can. Google pays the licensing fees.

      If you were to create your own video platform, you’d be responsible for doing that.

    3. Jennifer Avatar
      Jennifer

      It’s also theoretically possible they exported their YouTube video in a free format (I dunno, VP8/VP9 video) and then let YouTube handle the conversion to H.264.

      If we’re being honest, they probably exported and uploaded using H.264, but at least there is plausible deniability.

    4. No Avatar
      No

      Not really. The video you upload is the transcoded by youtube. The original mpeg/h264/avc file is never served to anyone.

    5. Connor Matthews Avatar
      Connor Matthews

      Isn’t iMovie, based on technicality, a separate product to El Capitan which may have separate conditions anyway?

    6. David C. Avatar
      David C.

      Only if they do it with the bundled/free software (like iMovie). If they use something that includes the appropriate licenses, like Final Cut, then there’s no problem.

    7. andreaci86 Avatar
      andreaci86

      Yes xD

  6. sfermigier Avatar
    sfermigier

    “I can’t try to figure out the source code to any of this.” -> Can’t apply in Europe, where:

    “The authorisation of the rightholder is not required where reproduction of the code and translation of its form are indispensable to obtain the information necessary to achieve the interoperability of an independently created computer program with other programs, provided that the following conditions are met:
    those acts are performed by the licensee or another person having a right to use a copy of a program;
    the information necessary to achieve interoperability has not previously been readily available;
    those acts are confined to the parts of the original program which are necessary in order to achieve interoperability.”

    http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=uriserv:mi0016

    1. Robb Avatar
      Robb

      Excellent, thank you.

    2. Bret Avatar
      Bret

      Technically not true. The instant you try to see the source code you have broken the user agreement and no longer have the “right to use the program.” Just saying.

  7. nickbouwhuis85 Avatar
    nickbouwhuis85

    Now do Windows 10 ;)

    1. John Avatar
      John

      YOU do it!

    2. bts Avatar
      bts

      Why would anybody do Windows 10?

      1. nomel (@nomel) Avatar
        nomel (@nomel)

        bts, current stats by netmarketshare say more people use windows 10 than OSX. Why not?

      2. Jeff Dickey Avatar
        Jeff Dickey

        We’re all in use relationships with our various systems; the question of which way the arrow points at any given time is VERY open.

    3. Robb Avatar
      Robb

      Hi, Nick! I’d like to do plain-English translations of Microsoft licenses, but I don’t normally use Windows. I do, though, have a PC which should be Windows 10 compatible. So I’ve started a Patreon account to help pay for and OS update so I can review it: https://www.patreon.com/robbshecter

  8. John Avatar
    John

    A lot of conditions from a billion dollar company who doesn’t take the time to figure out how to spell EL CAPITÁN properly.

    1. DavidR Avatar
      DavidR

      This is the company that’s been spelling McIntosh wrong for the last 31 years. ;)

    2. Jim E Avatar
      Jim E

      [checks spelling of El Capitan…]

      Nope. Apple’s spelling is correct. Apparently they did take the time.

      1. Ashraf Avatar
        Ashraf

        Apple however, got Windows logo incorrect :)

      2. John Avatar
        John

        Sorry, but the word Capitán in Spanish has an acute accent over the second a, so it really is misspelt.

    3. hebegeebee Avatar
      hebegeebee

      I believe it’s like “Los Angeles”: the American place name lost the Spanish diacritical.

    4. Jim E Avatar
      Jim E

      Apple (correctly) uses the English name, not the Spanish name. That makes it El Capitan, with any accent unceremoniously and unapologetically stripped out.

      Interestingly, I see that Apple also uses “El Capitan” on its Spanish web pages. If you want to charge “misspelling”, that’s where the argument perhaps could be made… but again, I’d disagree with it. If Apple wants to set the English name “El Capitan” as their global product name, that’s their business.

      1. MikeP Avatar
        MikeP

        Many people don’t realize that English is a mongrel language that freely accepts words from other languages. Now, give how accents are extremely rare in English words, El Capitan is merely an anglicization of the Spanish El Capitán.

      2. nosillacast Avatar
        nosillacast

        I think the point people miss on the accent issue is that the OS is named after a mountain in California, which for whatever reason was named without the accent. I know there’s even a petition about this to Apple but perhaps it should be directed at the trustees for the National Park system first if it’s such a critical argument!

      3. Robb Avatar
        Robb

        Now that’s something I didn’t know – thanks!

    5. Neal Avatar
      Neal

      Since El Capitan is the name of a mountain in a National Park, I’m sure they can spell it how they want – with or without the acute accent.

  9. Olivier Avatar
    Olivier

    So theoretically I am allowed to run 10-20 VMs of el capitan on a mac hardware ? given these VMs are from different el capitan copies ?

    1. Robb Avatar
      Robb

      I’m pretty sure that’s not the case: it’s not the physical copies of the software that’s important anymore, it’s the contract (license) you enter in to with Apple to use El Capitan in the first place.

  10. Tim Avatar
    Tim

    Only 1 backup?! Whoops

    1. nosillacast Avatar
      nosillacast

      That’s what I noticed too – having both a local and an offsite clone backup is illegal?

    2. nosillacast Avatar
      nosillacast

      I took notice of that point as well – I guess we’re allowed to have an offsite backup but ONLY of our data, not a clone? I feel so risky and dangerous breaking the rules!

  11. RT @angealbertini: OS X El Capitan license in plai…

    […] @angealbertini: OS X El Capitan license in plain english (took 33 mins for a complete read) robb.weblaws.org/2015/10/17/os-… […]

  12. singhrmnprt Avatar
    singhrmnprt

    Haha.. i like the tone of the article. You really took one for the team.. thanks man.

  13. nonameisme Avatar
    nonameisme

    This all software, just not Apple. You license it. Same as the music we “but”.

  14. Josiah Sprague Avatar
    Josiah Sprague

    I find 8 and 22 surprising, and I’d bet there are thousands of people who break those on a regular basis.

  15. Bob Avatar
    Bob

    Very nice. This should be available for all agreements. there should be a site. aipe.com seems to be available ;)

  16. Terry Lawrence Avatar
    Terry Lawrence

    What a relief. I thought after I hit ‘Agree’ Apple now owned my house and I was just squatting here with my (their) Mac.

  17. emileriksson76 Avatar
    emileriksson76

    re # 7. Do that mean that i can not use audiofiles of the speech text i output, comercially? I have several games in the pipeline that i cant afford to hire voice actors for, so I thought i could procedurally generate audio via built-in voices. and then basicly remix the output manually making inflections etc manually. Would this be breaking the apple EULA, then radiohead did it many years ago! I think radiohead still is on music. Did they then have to make a licencing deal?

    1. HMage (@hmage) Avatar
      HMage (@hmage)

      Radiohead most likely paid separately to use that voice.

      1. Robb Avatar
        Robb

        That’s definitely possible.

  18. What OS X El Capitan’s license really says, according to a programmer/lawyer – iOS Gears

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    […] Sorry if I’ve ever remixed those voices … Schecter breaks down 15 more rules translated from the El Capitan license that we technically agree to before using the operating system. Read the full rundown on his blog. […]

  20. Wayne WiechArt Avatar
    Wayne WiechArt

    For your Pro Bono efforts, Thank You!

  21. What OS X El Capitan’s license really says, according to a programmer/lawyer – Creative Vixen

    […] guessing virtually no one reads beyond the first paragraph if even that, but Robb Schecter, a self-described programmer/lawyer, took for one the team this year and translated El Cap’s […]

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    […] m vermute fast niemand liest über den ersten Absatz, wenn auch nur das, sondern Robb Schecter , sich selbst als Programmierer / Rechtsanwalt, nahm für einen das Team in diesem Jahr und […]

  23. Soni Avatar
    Soni

    How is 8 reasonable?

    “Slideshows made with Photo; same deal, don’t even think about using them for some commercial purpose.”

    I mean, seriously?! I can’t use slideshows made with *my own photos* for commercial purposes?! How can this be legal *anywhere*?!

    1. Robb Avatar
      Robb

      The issue is all the graphics and sound effects which Apple provides in the templates.

  24. 白崎つぐみ Avatar
    白崎つぐみ

    Let me take some time to comment some of those plain English version EULA points one by one.
    I can’t use the Capitan with illegal copies of anyone’s stuff. (Downloaded from third party sites? Torrented?)
    Apple didn’t sell me this software. They still own it, in fact. I’m just borrowing it. (OK)
    If I install more Apple software, those are on loan as well. (OK)
    I can use the Capitan in two virtual Machines, and on one computer. (Not my case)
    But these VM’s cannot be used for business. The only exception is for software developers (I guess they wouldn’t follow this rule anyways.)
    I’ve got to read the separate rules that came with the fonts, and obey them. (I can only borrow those too.) (OK)
    Those cool voices for the clock? — no remixing! (Often mute Mac sound so here is no need. Plus I would use my own sound rather than integrated one if possible)
    Slideshows made with Photo; same deal, don’t even think about using them for some commercial purpose. (OK, OK)
    I can’t sell access to my Mac via any kind of screen sharing. (Kind of confusing. Lend computer access to others?)
    I gotta run it on Apple hardware (no Hackintoshes). (Oh)
    I can’t help anyone else do that. (Do what? Helping others installing hackintosh? )
    I can make one copy as a backup. (I need multi level backup)
    I can’t try to figure out the source code to any of this. (Oh. What is the correct definition of “code”?)
    I gotta follow all my local laws while I’m using it. (!) (Really? Whereever I live?) (oh, what should I follow? And if local law conflicts with this EULA what should I do?)
    I can leave the software on the Mac if I sell it or give it away. (Oh)
    I better not use anyone else’s hacked version. (Oh. Hey, if I hack it by myself?)
    Apple isn’t responsible for my hurt feelings for anything I see on the web. (No needs or your responsibility thank you)
    If I break any of these rules, this deal is over and I must immediately delete everything. (Oh. Then what about Mac? Install Windows? )
    The Capitan comes as-is. (OK)
    I can’t send it to Sudan. (Not my case)
    I can’t operate a nuclear power plant with it. (Not my case, and laughable for me)
    I cannot, don’t even think about it, just plain can’t, make money from MPEG/H.264/AVC videos I create. For that, I need to buy another something from somebody. (OK. Never use such feature except a few iPhone screen recording)
    There you are. I took one for the team.

    These comments are not at the author of this blog article, but at EULA itself.

    And if we count this, lots of people, especially those hackintosh users, should immediately stop using Mac OS X.

  25. lynnfredricks Avatar
    lynnfredricks

    Not nearly as bad as I expected. Are any of these points a surprise? For me, that they’ve already preemptively removed Cuba – unless you missed that one.

    1. Robb Avatar
      Robb

      I used Sudan as a stand-in for all the embargoed countries because I liked the alliteration, “… send to Sudan …”

  26. What OS X El Capitan’s license really says, according to a programmer/lawyer | TheApplePips.com

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  27. Things you actually agree to by accepting El Capitan’s software license agreement

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    […] trained professional—lawyer and developer Robb Schecter—took it upon himself to read through Apple’s end user license agreement for El Capitan to […]

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  30. James Avatar
    James

    I don’t think that I have *ever* read any license. In simple English most are a version of: “We’re protected, you’re not!”

    Robb, you’re my hero for doing this. Sorry you spent 33 minutes in Apple Hell.

  31. BrianM Avatar
    BrianM

    One copy? even though Time Machine now allows multiple backup locations… hmmm

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    […] Source: OS X El Cap­i­tan License: in Plain Eng­lish | The Robb Report […]

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  35. Robert Latterman Avatar
    Robert Latterman

    Over the years we have always been at the total mercy of the one sided software user agreement(s)…… at any time we can be switched off by Apple or whomever the ‘agreement’ is with…. scary stuff….

  36. Alphaman Avatar
    Alphaman

    Awesome stuff. Now, let’s get the lawyer to look at GoOgle’s Terms of Service for Chrome and Chrome OS (https://www.google.com/intl/en/chrome/browser/privacy/eula_text.html). My IT-Pro take is I’m not a lawyer, but I’d love for a lawyer to look at things like:

    Section 4.4: If GoOgle chooses, they can disable your account and you lose access to all your files, with no recourse.
    Google may “…pre-screen, review, flag, filter, modify, refuse or remove any or all Content from any Service”. They can filter and block content to your computer, as well as eavesdrop on any information sent through their software. They can also modify content when it’s displayed on screen. And you won’t know they’ve done it.
    “Google gives you a personal, … non-exclusive license to use the software provided … you may not … copy” the Software and “you may not assign (or grant a sub-license of) your rights to use the Software”, meaning IT departments cannot install the software for use by the public on a public computer. GoOgle wants to know who its tracking, so they only allow personal licenses.
    “You agree to receive such updates (and permit Google to deliver these to you) as part of your use of the Services”. If you don’t want to update the software, even to a minor or any major revision, you must uninstall it.
    Even terminating your use of Google’s service will not stop Google from using your information, per Section 12.4, “When these Terms come to an end, all of the legal rights, obligations and liabilities … shall be unaffected by this cessation” That is unless you successfully sue. In court. In Santa Clara county. Good luck with that.
    Google may inject ads into any web browser session per section 16.3, “you agree that Google may place such advertising on the Services”.
    You not only agree to Google’s TOS, but also Adobe’s, which includes gems like 1(c) “The Chrome-Reader Software may not be used to render any PDF or EPUB documents that utilize digital rights management protocols or systems other than Adobe DRM”.
    Per section 7.2, “You may not… create derivative works… based in whole or part” from any content obtained through the web browser or Chrome OS without express, written permission from Google or the content provider. US Constitution be damned.

  37. Apple wil geen OS X in kerncentrales – en meer pareltjes uit de licentie – Tech Bros.

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  38. Joseph Hertzlinger Avatar
    Joseph Hertzlinger

    You can’t operate a nuclear power plant with it?
    UNFAIR!

  39. OS X 10.11 El Capitan, Apple non vuole che lo usiate nelle centrali nucleari – macitynet.it

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  41. strangegothdude Avatar
    strangegothdude

    I also want to say thanks for your work on this – it makes interesting reading!!

  42. Nikola Svitlica Avatar
    Nikola Svitlica

    This was a nice reading 4 sure. I was wandering could you please do iTunes as well? Especially because of this: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FZ23kosLFec :D Thank you.

  43. Kurioses Kleingedrucktes: Waffen bauen mit El Capitan verboteniTopnews.de – Aktuelle Apple-News & Rabatte zu iPhone, iPad & Mac | iTopnews

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  44. Francis Kim Avatar
    Francis Kim

    Why doesn’t Apple and/or other companies just do this?! :P

  45. Il contratto di licenza OS X El Capitan spiegato in soli 22 punti – SlideToMac Blog

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  48. Infographic: OS X El Capitan License Agreement | The Robb Report Avatar
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    […] after I posted OS X El Capitan License in Plain English, I received an email from Bogdan Rauta, a Romanian infographic designer. He volunteered to create […]

  49. Kim Foder Avatar
    Kim Foder

    High time someone are doing this.

    Here we have been discussing the ethics in asking the user to accept a license written in what is in practice juristic nonsense for the layman.

    Most of us could be selling our soul without knowing, even if we read the license agreement, because we simply do not understand what it says.

    Of course the companies have to protect their investments, but whats wrong with presenting the license agreement in layman’s terms with a link to the juristic document for those who can understand it?

  50. John F. Passerby Avatar
    John F. Passerby

    You are improving society. The world needs more people like you.

    … don’t forget your own disclaimer that these posts are not legal advice ;)

    1. Robb Avatar
      Robb

      Thanks, John. I really appreciate the sentiment. And yep, I do need to protect myself.

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